Integrated evasive manoeuvre assist for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles

Development and deployment of steering based collision avoidance systems are made difficult due to the complexity of dealing with oncoming vehicles during the evasive manoeuvre. A method to mitigate the collision risk with oncoming vehicles during such manoeuvres is presented in this work. A point mass analysis of such a scenario is first done to determine the importance of speed for mitigating the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle. A characteristic parameter was identified, which correlates well with the need to increase or decrease speed, in order to reduce the collision risk. This finding was then verified in experiments using a Volvo XC90 test vehicle. A closed-loop longitudinal acceleration controller for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles is then presented. The longitudinal control is combined with yaw stability control using control allocation to form an integrated controller. Simulations in CarMaker using a validated XC90 vehicle model and the proposed controller showed consistent reductions in the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle.     

Development of analytical procedure for selection of control measures to reduce congestions at various freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering (RM) affect freeway traffic operations in different ways and, accordingly, result in different effects on system travel time. The primary objective of this study is to propose an analytical procedure to help determine which control measure should be selected given different freeway bottlenecks and traffic conditions. The bottlenecks considered included an isolated merge bottleneck, a merge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream off-ramp, and a diverge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream on-ramp. Two RM and a VSL control strategies were considered, including the ALINEA, ALINEA/Q and feedback based VSL. The maximum achievable improvements in system efficiency by various control measures were calculated and the results were tested using modified cell transmission models. A coordinated control strategy that combined ALINEA/Q and VSL control was also proposed. The effects of VSL and RM control on system travel time at different freeway bottleneck areas were compared to identify the applicable conditions of different control measures. The analytical procedure was proposed for the selection of control measures at different bottlenecks and the ex-ante estimation of control effects were also discussed.     

郑万高铁大型机械化施工隧道位移控制基准研究

依托郑万高铁湖北段大断面隧道洞群,针对其开挖断面面积大、软弱围岩占比高、采用大型机械化大断面法施工的特点,开展初期支护位移现场监控量测,对监控量测数据进行分类统计、包络回归分析,得到Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩深、浅埋不同大断面法（全断面法、微台阶法）开挖下初期支护位移沿隧道纵向的函数表达式及各工况下分段位移占极限位移的比值。最后结合 Q/CR 9218-2015《铁路隧道监控量测技术规程》中初期支护极限位移值,给出郑万高铁大型机械化施工隧道各工况下初期支护位移控制基准建议值。结果表明： 郑万高铁隧道Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩采用深、浅埋不同大断面法开挖时,按距掌子面距离的分阶段位移控制基准相差较大,现行Q/CR 9218-2015《铁路隧道监控量测技术规程》中统一规定不合理;围岩级别、埋深及开挖方法相同时,拱顶沉降和洞周水平收敛规律基本一致。     

铁路隧道施工主动控制变形技术研究与实践

针对隧道施工中对加固围岩、充分发挥围岩自身承载能力方面重视不够,致使隧道开挖分部较多、工效低以及软弱围岩发生大变形等问题,通过对煤矿行业主动控制变形、国内外主动控制变形技术进行调研和部分铁路隧道施工实践、研究,得出如下结论： 在隧道施工中主动控制围岩变形,可充分发挥、调动围岩的自承载作用;采用主动控制围岩变形技术,可实现软弱围岩大断面机械化快速施工,解决超大断面设计施工技术难题,有效控制高地应力软岩隧道变形,避免大变形的发生; 锚杆、锚索以及注浆加固地层等是主动控制围岩变形的关键技术措施,必须配置大型机械设备,掌握成套施工工艺,确保锚固的及时性和有效性。     

矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统设计实践

以青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程为依托,对废水系统排水能力的确定、废水提升方案的选择及废水泵房优化设计等方面进行分析,探讨矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的主要关键技术。主要结论如下： 1）废水排水能力确定的关键在于隧道的结构渗漏水的定量,常规的水下隧道的结构渗漏水量数据不一定适用于海底隧道,必须实际测量后确定; 2）废水提升方案关系到排水的经济性和安全性,核心在于选取安全可靠的水泵类型; 3）废水泵房优化主要从废水池有效容积、结构设计及设备检修等方面进行展开分析; 4）矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的设计,必须从隧道实际情况出发,综合考虑各类影响因素,以达到安全、经济的设计目标。     

地铁明挖车站-市政桥梁合建结构的关键技术研究

地铁明挖车站和市政桥梁合建时,为同时满足2种不同类型构筑物的安全和使用功能要求,需对其中的关键技术难题进行分析研究,以采取合理可行的结构形式。依托成都地铁白佛桥明挖车站与其上部市政桥梁的建设,总结国内类似工程经验,根据工程特点确定桥梁承台与地铁车站顶板进行固结连接,桥梁跨度与地铁车站框架柱跨进行匹配,同时桥墩避开地铁车站端头井、换乘节点等复杂结构受力区域进行布设; 建立三维荷载-结构模型,计算分析上部桥梁荷载对地铁车站结构构件内力及变形的影响,并根据计算结果,对桥墩影响范围内的车站顶底板和侧墙的厚度及配筋进行增强,桥墩轴线下方的地铁车站框架柱采用型钢-混凝土组合结构,以满足合建结构的承载能力、变形、裂缝控制等要求。另外,选取LS-DYNA软件,采用非线性时程分析法对合建结构进行抗震计算分析,计算结果显示： 车站板、墙、梁等构件在支座处出现应力集中现象,各结构构件的承载力强度及变形均满足规范要求。     

丽香铁路玄武岩隧道大变形段施工控制技术

为有效控制丽香铁路三叠系玄武岩大变形的突出难题,在分析大变形机制及原因的基础上制定支护措施,并进行现场试验,对大变形段的原位强度、松动圈、矿物成分、地应力大小、变形特征、初期支护及二次衬砌内力等进行了测试。总结出以下措施可有效控制玄武岩大变形： 1)加大边墙轮廓曲率及预留变形量; 2)加大初期支护钢架型号及加长边墙系统锚杆; 3)缩短初期支护钢架封闭时间; 4）施作二次衬砌期间控制初期支护变形速率为1~2 mm/d。     

减摇鳍/水舱联合减摇系统模糊自适应滑模控制

针对减摇鳍和被动式减摇水舱设备在不同航速下的减摇特点,建立了船舶减摇鳍/水舱联合减摇系统的横摇数学模型。结合模糊自适应控制良好的逼近特性和滑模控制算法对扰动和模型参数变化的不灵敏性,设计了减摇鳍/水舱联合减摇系统的模糊自适应滑模控制器。采用实船参数的仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器具有良好的自适应性和鲁棒性,减摇鳍/水舱联合减摇控制系统在不同海况和不同航速下均具有良好的减摇效果。     

船舶电站监控系统的CAN通讯协议

针对船舶电站监控系统的工作特性以及发展要求,提出一种基于时分复用算法以及动态优先级提升算法的CAN通讯协议,并采用双冗余CAN网,提高了数据传输的实时性与可靠性,增加了系统的冗余能力,构建了整体架构,实现了系统的总体程序。